동현CONNECTOME × ESOTERIC LANGUAGE
촉각 회로실험실: 동현파TM
279개 뉴런의 예쁜꼬마선충 공개 연결망에 동현랭으로 접촉한다.
279 뉴런3,108 층별 연결3층 공개 연결망 + 문헌 기반 촉각 모델
처음이라면? 예제를 고르고 실행을 눌러 보자. 소녀와 선충은 동현랭 명령으로만 움직인다.
동현랭 배우기 · 실행기 ↗A 관찰 공간
회로 불러오는 중SPECIMEN 02
C. elegans · 공개 연결망0.00 s모의 시간 · ⅓ 속도 재생
C. elegans · 공개 연결망0.00 s모의 시간 · ⅓ 속도 재생
출발 대기640 × 480
A LITTLE TOUCH, A LITTLE RESPONSE
잽 / 앞쪽 촉각
가운데 소녀의 글러브에서 왼쪽 선충의 신경 반응까지, 코드 한 번으로 지켜보자.
앞쪽 감각뒤쪽 감각후진 회로전진 회로강한 촉각0회 접촉
ALM / AVM앞쪽 촉각0.000 a.u.
PLM뒤쪽 촉각0.000 a.u.
AVA / AVD / AVE후진 회로0.000 a.u.
AVB / PVC전진 회로0.000 a.u.
B 신경 활성 기록
Y축 자동 범위 · 단위 a.u.앞쪽 감각뒤쪽 감각후진 회로전진 회로FLP / PVD
글러브의 접촉이 감각 입력이 되고, 회로의 활성 차이가 선충의 꿈틀거림과 빛으로 연결되어 표현된다. 몸과 빛의 반응 표시는 10배 확대된 값이지만, 그래프와 CSV는 원래의 값을 사용한다. 반짝이는 점은 회로 그룹의 도식화된 표현으로, 실제 신경 위치·발화 횟수·통증·손상을 뜻하지 않는다.
C 동현랭 실험 코드
experiment.dh예제를 고른 뒤 실행해 보자. 코드만 바꾸어 기술·위치·세기를 조절할 수 있다.
D 실험 기록
0문장- 실행 대기. 아직 접촉하지 않았다.
동현랭 코드→소녀의 기술→접촉·감각 입력→신경 활성→선충의 몸
EXPERIMENT I/O · v1.02
글러브에서 작은 신경계까지, 명령은 동현랭으로.
버튼이나 방향키로 공격하지 않는다. 동현랭이 출력한 정수를 실험실이 읽고, 가운데 소녀의 동작과 왼쪽 선충의 회로 계산을 같은 시간축에서 진행한다.
| 명령 | 하는 일 | 인수 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 초기화 | 시드 |
| 2 | 기술 시행 | 기술 번호 · 손(오른손 1 / 왼손 2) · 세기 0~100 · 접촉 위치 5~95% |
| 3 | 반응 관찰 | 대기 ms · 20의 배수 · 최대 10,000 |
| 4 | 뉴런 출력 차단·복원 | 그룹 1~5 · 차단 1 / 복원 0 |
| 5 | MEC-4 관련 입력 계수 | 0~100% · 유전자 편집 기능이 아님 |
| 6 | 관측값 요청 | 항목 1~9 · 다음 꽥꽥으로 읽기 |
| 7 | 정수 기록 | 기록할 정수 |
| 8 | 짧은 접촉 효과음 | 사용 1 / 끔 0 · 기본 꺼짐 |
기술 번호와 위치
1 잽 · 2 어퍼컷 · 3 스트레이트 · 4 훅 · 5 바디블로우 · 6 스윙 · 7 오버핸드 · 8 쇼벨 훅. 오른손 잽 뒤 왼손 어퍼컷처럼 명령 2를 이어 쓰면 연속기가 된다.
0%가 머리 쪽, 100%가 꼬리 쪽이다. 실제 명령은 5~95%를 사용한다. 기술 이름 자체가 특정 뉴런을 켜는 것은 아니며, 접촉 위치·세기·시간이 입력을 결정한다.
읽고 다시 개입하기
관측 항목: 1 시간, 2 앞쪽 감각, 3 뒤쪽 감각, 4 후진 회로, 5 전진 회로, 6 강한 촉각, 7 몸체 수축 지수, 8 접촉 횟수, 9 활성 뉴런 수.
활성도와 수축 지수는 1,000배한 정수로 읽는다. 문장 끝은 ~, 정수 출력은 뿡뿡, 줄바꿈은 뿡뿡뿡이다. 예제를 복사해 숫자부터 바꿔 보자.
실험의 경계
한 프로그램의 모의 시간은 60초, 코드 길이는 100,000자, 실행은 30만 문장까지다. 각 실행은 새 실험이다. 예제 선택·코드 편집·파일 저장·문서 읽기·화면 전환은 신경계나 몸체를 조작하지 않는다. 중단 버튼도 고정된 동현랭 오겡끼데스까 프로그램을 실행한다.
전문과 범위는 배포 묶음의 SPEC.md에 있다. 원래 동현랭 문법은 동현랭 플레이그라운드에서 배울 수 있다.
BEHIND THE LITTLE WORM
예쁜꼬마선충은 어떻게 반응할까?
귀여운 장면의 중심에는 공개된 예쁜꼬마선충 279개 뉴런의 연결망이 있다. 여기에 문헌으로 알려진 촉각 회로의 방향성을 제약으로 더해, 입력과 출력의 차이가 보이는 실험실로 만들었다.
01
유전체가 공개되었다고, 행동이 저절로 계산되지는 않는다.
예쁜꼬마선충은 1998년 동물 최초의 완성 유전체 해독 사례가 되었다. 하지만 동현파가 실제로 계산하는 입력은 유전체 서열이 아니라 공개 연결망과 촉각 회로에 관한 연구다. 유전자 발현·세포 발생·전신 생리를 계산하는 모델은 아니다. NHGRI의 유전체 역사
02
279개 뉴런과 3층의 연결을 가져왔다.
CoMuNeLab 공개 자료의 전기적 접합·화학적 monadic 접합·화학적 polyadic 접합 세 층을 사용한다. 원본 5,863개 기록을 층별 무방향 연결 3,108개로 정리했고, 원 뉴런 이름과 원본 파일을 보존했다. 이것은 선충의 모든 뉴런·모든 시냅스 수라는 뜻이 아니다.
이 자료는 무방향·무가중치라고 명시되어 있다. 따라서 파일의 순서를 화학 시냅스 방향으로 해석하거나 1을 실제 시냅스 강도로 읽지 않는다. 방향·효과·시간 상수는 아래의 명시적 모델 가정이다. 원 데이터와 ODbL 조건 · 변환·검증 내역
03
앞쪽과 뒤쪽의 촉각 회로는 다르게 연결된다.
문헌에서는 앞쪽 ALM·AVM을 통한 부드러운 촉각이 후진을, 뒤쪽 PLM 입력이 전진을 유도하는 회로를 설명한다. 동현파는 원 연결이 있는 쌍에 한해 이러한 방향·부호의 기능적 제약을 더한다. 원 자료로부터 방향이나 전기생리 파라미터를 복원했다는 뜻은 아니다. Schafer의 촉각 회로 설명
화면은 막전위나 발화율 대신 0~1의 단위 없는 모델 활성도(a.u.)를 보여 준다. 동일 입력의 앞·뒤 차이를 확인하는 교육용 기능 검사이지, 독립적인 생물학적 예측 정확도 검증은 아니다.
04
복싱은 접촉을 보여 주는 만화적 인터페이스다.
640×480 공간의 왼쪽에는 선충이 길게 서 있고, 가운데의 양쪽 똥머리·원피스 차림 소녀가 오른손과 왼손으로 기술을 구사한다. 글러브의 접촉 구간에만 기계적 입력이 생기고, 이 입력이 신경 계산으로 이어진다. 실제 소녀와 선충의 크기·힘·자세가 아니며, 복싱 기술에 대한 선충 실험 결과가 있는 것처럼 해석하면 안 된다.
꿈틀거림은 신경 출력에 따른 파동·수축과 직접 접촉의 감쇠 진동을 함께 표현한다. 강한 접촉은 뒤로 밀림·찌그러짐·먼지·구김·별 표시를 더 크게 만들지만, 이것은 만화적 과장이다. 감각을 막아도 물리적 흔들림은 남을 수 있으며, 이 효과를 신경 손상·통증·기절의 판정으로 사용하지 않는다.
05
MEC-4, 강한 촉각, 반복 자극의 해석
MEC-4는 부드러운 촉각의 기계적 신호 변환에 중요한 채널이다. 명령 5는 그 관련 입력 통로의 계수만 조절하며 DNA를 바꾸거나 실제 유전자 결손의 모든 결과를 재현하지 않는다. FLP·PVD를 포함한 높은 세기의 입력과 적응·회복도 단순화한 가정이다. 기계감각과 채널 · 촉각의 시간적 부호화 연구
06
가져온 데이터와 새로 만든 것을 구별한다.
연결 데이터는 CoMuNeLab의 ODbL·DbCL, 앱 코드는 MIT, 글꼴은 SIL OFL 조건을 따른다. 가공 데이터와 변환 도구도 함께 제공한다. 전체 출처·이용 안내에서 원 연구진과 가공 내역을 확인하고, 가공 데이터 JSON 저장으로 기계 판독 가능한 데이터도 받을 수 있다.
동현파™ v1.02: 데이터 계보와 모델의 경계
동현파는 동현랭으로만 조작하는 예쁜꼬마선충 촉각 회로실험실이다. 이 문서에는 데이터가 어디서 왔고 어떻게 다듬었는지, 계산 모델이 무엇을 가정하고 어디까지를 다루는지 적어 두었다. 선충의 유전체 이야기와 이 앱이 실제로 계산하는 연결망은 따로 구분해 설명한다.
원 데이터
CoMuNeLab, C.ELEGANS MULTIPLEX CONNECTOME을 사용했다. 원 저장소는 279개 뉴런과 전기적 접합·화학적 monadic 접합·화학적 polyadic 접합의 세 층을 제공하며, 모든 층을 무방향·무가중치라고 명시한다. 아래 표의 단일·다중 접합은 각각 원 자료의 monadic·polyadic 층을 가리키며, 단일 시냅스 경로·다중 시냅스 경로라는 뜻이 아니다. 원 데이터와 조건
- 고정 커밋:
9d6d48af4eb6acef31ad9999e22fbd27c2ce210b - 원 파일:
celegans_connectome_nodes.txt,celegans_connectome_layers.txt,celegans_connectome_multiplex.edges - 보존 위치:
data/raw/와 원 README를 복사한data/SOURCE.md - 가공 파일:
data/connectome.json - 변환 도구:
tools/build-connectome.cjs
넓은 표는 좌우로 밀어 확인할 수 있다.
| 항목 | 값 |
|---|---|
| 뉴런 | 279 |
| 원본 연결 기록 | 5,863 |
| 전기적 접합 기록 | 1,031 |
| 단일접합 기록 | 1,639 |
| 다중접합 기록 | 3,193 |
| 가공 후 전기적 접합 층 연결 | 517 |
| 가공 후 단일접합 층 연결 | 888 |
| 가공 후 다중접합 층 연결 | 1,703 |
| 가공 후 층별 연결 합 | 3,108 |
서로 다른 층에 같은 뉴런 쌍이 있으면 각각 별도 연결로 센다. 3,108은 개별 시냅스 수나 서로 다른 뉴런 쌍의 합이 아니며, 279는 선충의 모든 신경계 기능을 포함한다는 선언도 아니다.
원 자료 설명의 무방향 선언을 우선했다. 각 층에서 (min(ID1, ID2), max(ID1, ID2))로 순서를 통일하고 반복·역순 기록을 한 개로 합쳤다. 행의 순서를 화학적 전달 방향으로, 중복 횟수를 강도로 사용하지 않았다. 전기적 층의 자기 연결 3개는 가공 DB에 남지만, x − x = 0인 항이므로 동역학에서 생략한다.
원 파일의 SHA-256은 가공 JSON의 source.rawSha256에 기록한다. 검사 도구는 원 자료를 다시 읽어 가공 결과 전체를 재생성하며, 모든 뉴런·인덱스·층·연결을 비교한다.
유전체와 연결망은 다르다
예쁜꼬마선충 유전체가 1998년 공개된 역사적 사실은 이 생물의 연구 기반을 설명한다. 이 앱에는 유전체 FASTA, 염기서열, 유전자 발현 행렬이나 발생 모델이 들어 있지 않다. NHGRI의 유전체 역사
계산 대상은 공개 연결망의 노드와 명시된 모델 상태다. MEC-4 관련 입력 계수도 감각 입력의 배율일 뿐, DNA 편집·유전자 결손 개체의 완전한 표현형 모델이 아니다.
촉각 회로에 부여한 기능적 제약
앞쪽의 ALM·AVM을 통한 부드러운 촉각과 뒤쪽 PLM을 통한 촉각이 서로 다른 이동 반응을 유도한다는 점을 근거로 삼는다. AVD·AVA·AVE 계열은 후진, AVB·PVC 계열은 전진 관련 관측 그룹으로 사용한다. 이는 회로의 모든 역할과 조건을 망라하는 분류는 아니다. Chalfie 등의 촉각 회로 연구, Schafer의 리뷰
넓은 표는 좌우로 밀어 확인할 수 있다.
| 그룹 | 뉴런 |
|---|---|
| 앞쪽 촉각 | ALML, ALMR, AVM |
| 뒤쪽 촉각 | PLML, PLMR |
| 앞쪽 강한 촉각 입력 | FLPL, FLPR |
| 몸통 강한 촉각 입력 | PVDL, PVDR |
| 후진 관측 | AVAL, AVAR, AVDL, AVDR, AVEL, AVER |
| 전진 관측 | AVBL, AVBR, PVCL, PVCR |
PVM은 원 연결망 안에 보존하지만 별도 자극 통로에 넣지 않았다. 코끝 특이 감각, 먹이·냄새·번식·배설·인두 회로, 모든 기계감각 세포를 포괄적으로 자극하는 모델은 아니다.
원 연결이 있는 쌍에 한해서 방향·부호·이득에 다음 가정을 적용했다. 방향과 이득은 원 데이터에서 측정된 값이 아니라 이 앱의 기능적 제약이다.
- 앞쪽 촉각 → 후진 그룹: 양의 결합 계수
0.9 - 앞쪽 촉각 → 전진 그룹: 음의 결합 계수
−1.1 - 뒤쪽 촉각 → 전진 그룹: 양의 결합 계수
0.9 - 뒤쪽 촉각 → 후진 그룹: 음의 결합 계수
−1.1 - FLP → 후진 그룹:
0.7 - PVD → 후진·전진 그룹:
0.45 - 나머지 화학적 층의 관계: 각 방향
0.008의 약한 양의 전파 - ALM–AVM, AVM–AVD, PLM–PVC에 해당하는 기존 전기적 연결:
1.2 - 나머지 기존 전기적 연결:
0.018
원 데이터가 화학 시냅스의 실제 방향·수용체·전달물질·강도를 담지 않으므로, 모든 약한 양의 전파를 생물학적 흥분성 시냅스로 해석할 수 없다. 이 부분은 명시적 근사다. 전기적 연결은 양방향 차이 항이며, 입력 단위와 세포 크기도 실제 막전위·전류를 뜻하지 않는다.
계산 시간과 상태
뉴런 상태는 10 ms 간격으로 갱신한다. 각 뉴런의 입력을 정류하고 tanh로 제한한 목표값에 시간 상수 0.13 s의 지수 완화를 적용하며, 활성도를 0~1로 제한한다. 입력 정규화와 차단 규칙은 src/brain.js에 공개했다.
a.u.는 단위 없는 모델 활성도다. 실측 Hz, mV, 칼슘 신호, 활동전위 빈도가 아니다. 뉴런 279개를 모두 갱신하지만, 이것이 279개 뉴런의 전기생리를 충실하게 재현한다는 뜻은 아니다.
출력 차단은 해당 뉴런에서 읽고 전달하는 신호를 0으로 취급한다. 내부 상태 계산은 계속하므로 세포 사멸·실제 광유전학적 억제의 정밀 재현이 아니다. 시드는 각 기술의 감각 입력 배율에 ±2%의 작은 지터를 고정하는 데 쓰며, 그 변동 폭 또한 모델 가정이다. 같은 코드를 다시 실행하면 시드를 무작위로 바꾸며, 실제로 쓴 시드는 실험 기록과 CSV에 남는다.
접촉이 신경 입력이 되는 방식
명령에는 기술·손·세기·접촉 위치가 들어간다. 위치는 머리 쪽 0, 꼬리 쪽 1의 정규화 좌표이며, 실제 명령은 0.05~0.95 범위를 사용한다.
- 앞쪽 부드러운 촉각: 중심
0.22, 폭0.26의 가우스형 위치 가중치 - 뒤쪽 부드러운 촉각: 중심
0.80, 폭0.24의 위치 가중치 - 높은 세기 입력: 정규화 세기
0.6을 넘는 부분을 FLP·PVD 통로로 나눈다. 이 임계값은 실제 힘이나 고통 역치가 아니다. - 반복 적응: 입력 중 감각 가용성이 감소하고 시간 상수
1.8 s로 회복하도록 가정했다. 특정 종·조건의 장기 습관화나 학습을 검증한 것이 아니다. 촉각 시간 부호화 연구
기술의 동작은 정해진 시간의 준비·접촉·복귀 궤적이다. 접촉 구간은 반사인파 입력이며, 기술 이름이 회로 반응을 직접 지정하지 않는다. 양손을 바꾸어도 같은 위치·세기·시간 입력이면 같은 종류의 감각 통로가 사용된다.
꿈틀거림·밀림·과장 효과
v0.2는 선충의 기본 길이·폭을 90%로 줄이고 연한 분홍색으로 표현한다. 신경 출력에 따른 파동·수축과 국소 충격 변위의 표시 이득을 10배로 높이되, 화면 밖으로 잘리거나 몸체가 뒤집히지 않도록 변형을 제한한다. 계산 상태와 CSV 숫자는 확대하지 않는다.
v0.3의 그래프는 원 활성도 값을 그대로 사용하며, 고정 0.10 상한 대신 자동 Y축을 적용한다. 초기 범위는 0~0.10 a.u.이고, 실험 중 최대값의 1.15배 이상인 상한을 0.10·0.20·0.30·0.40·0.50·0.60·0.80·1.00·1.20 중에서 선택한다. 같은 실행에서는 범위를 줄이지 않고 다음 실행에서 초기화한다. 기록창은 데스크톱 440px, 모바일 340px이며, 그래프의 고정 10배 확대와 상단 잘림·삼각형 표시는 더 이상 사용하지 않는다. 몸체·빛의 시각적 이득 10배와 계산값·CSV 원자료는 유지한다.
몸 위의 밝은 감각·회로 색상, 빛 번짐, 고리와 반짝임은 활성도에 비례하는 시각적 강조다. 점의 위치는 회로 그룹을 보여 주기 위한 도식이며 실제 뉴런의 해부학적 위치를 복원한 것이 아니다. 반짝임의 주기는 발화율·스파이크 수를 의미하지 않는다. 운영체제의 움직임 줄이기 설정에서는 맥동과 반짝임 변화 없이 활성 강도만 표시한다.
v0.3의 재생은 실제 시간 기준 ⅓ 속도다. 타격·출렁임·다음 타격까지 모두 세 배 길게 관찰하되, 모의 시간과 적분 간격·활성도·관측 CSV를 바꾸지 않는다. 글러브가 접촉 지점에 남는 모습과 관통·상승 후속 동작은 만화적 연출이며, 이를 추가 자극으로 계산하지 않는다. 새 자극은 동현랭 타격 명령의 접촉 구간에서만 발생한다.
v0.4에서는 동현랭 소녀를 한 칸씩 그린 픽셀아트로 바꾸고 5% 축소. 몸을 주먹 쪽으로 기울이기, 날아가는 글러브의 늘어남, 잔상, 맞는 순간의 반짝임과 표정은 화면 연출일 뿐이며 글러브 궤적과 접촉 시점, 회로 계산은 바꾸지 않았다.
v0.5에서는 소녀의 뿌까머리를 20% 줄이고 리본 추가, 발을 키워 빨간 운동화 착용. 선충과 소녀는 함께 오른쪽으로 40단위 이동. 예제는 23개로 확대, 01~08번은 기술 사이 관찰 시간 10% 단축. 회로 데이터와 계산 규칙, 명령 규약은 그대로다.
v0.6에서는 뿌까머리를 머리와 분리된 동그란 경단으로 다시 그리고, 리본을 작게 줄여 두 경단 사이에 배치. 치마는 일자로 떨어지는 H라인 미니스커트로 변경. 그림만 달라졌다.
몸체는 640×480의 가상 공간에서 세로로 확대해 표시한다. 실제 선충 자세·길이·질량·근육·바닥 접촉을 재현하지 않는다.
- 신경 파동·수축: 후진·전진 그룹과 강한 촉각 계열의 출력으로 파동 진폭·위상 방향·머리 쪽 수축을 정한다.
- 국소 충격 진동: 19개 변위 지점에 위치별 힘, 이웃 결합, 스프링·감쇠 규칙을 적용한다.
- 뒤로 밀림: 글러브 접촉 때 왼쪽 방향의 충격량을 주고 탄성 복귀시킨다. 픽셀·시간의 연출 좌표이며 뉴턴·초 단위가 아니다.
- 너저분한 모습: 세기에 따라 먼지·구김·별 표시와 일시적인 찌그러짐을 더한다. 생물학적 손상·통증·기절·사망 판정이 아니다.
따라서 신경 입력을 차단하더라도 직접 충격에 의한 밀림과 흔들림은 남는다. 신경계 기반 파동과 충격 연출을 구별하기 위한 의도적 구성이다.
검증의 범위
원 데이터 대조, 수치 유한성, 무자극 대조, 앞·뒤 입력의 차이, 출력 차단·복원, MEC-4 입력 계수, 두 손 연속 명령, 재현성·오류·중단을 검사한다. 이 기능 검사는 설계한 제약이 구현되었음을 확인하는 것이며, 독립적인 실제 동물 행동 데이터로 예측 정확도를 검증한 것은 아니다.
브라우저·오프라인 검사 결과는 qa/TESTING.md에 기록한다. 향후 실제 방향·가중치가 있는 새 자료로 교체한다면 데이터 버전과 추정 파라미터를 구별해 재검증해야 한다.
데이터 이용 조건
원 DB와 이 가공 DB는 ODbL 1.0, 개별 내용은 DbCL 1.0을 따른다. 원문을 licenses/에 보존하고, data/raw/, 가공 JSON, 변환 코드와 앱 내 JSON 다운로드를 제공한다. 코드의 MIT 라이선스가 데이터의 ODbL을 없애거나 대체하지 않는다. ODbL 1.0
동현파™: 전체 출처·가공 내역·이용 안내
동현파는 공개된 선충 연결망과 촉각 연구를 바탕으로 만든 교육용 실험실이다. 많은 연구자가 공개해 준 자료 덕분에 만들 수 있었다. 다만 CoMuNeLab이나 원 연구진, WormAtlas, OpenWorm, 유전체 연구기관이 만들거나 인증·후원한 프로젝트는 아니다.
공개 연결 데이터
CoMuNeLab, C.ELEGANS MULTIPLEX CONNECTOME. 뉴런 279개와 전기적 접합, 화학적 monadic 접합, 화학적 polyadic 접합의 세 층을 담고 있다. 동현파는 커밋 9d6d48af4eb6acef31ad9999e22fbd27c2ce210b의 자료를 쓴다.
원문·파일·라이선스: https://github.com/CoMuNeLab/C-elegans-Multiplex-Connectome
원 저장소가 인용을 요청하는 연구는 다음과 같다.
- 연결망 원 연구: Chen BL, Hall DH, Chklovskii DB. Wiring optimization can relate neuronal structure and function. PNAS 103(12), 4723–4728 (2006). http://www.pnas.org/content/103/12/4723.abstract
- 다층 네트워크 도구: De Domenico M, Porter MA, Arenas A. MuxViz: A Tool for Multilayer Analysis and Visualization of Networks. Journal of Complex Networks 3(2), 159–176 (2015). http://comnet.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/2/159
원 데이터를 지원하고 개발한 European Commission FET-Proactive PLEXMATH (Grant No. 317614)와 Alephsys Lab의 고지는 data/SOURCE.md에 원문 그대로 기록. 연결망의 구조와 한계를 살펴볼 때는 Varshney LR, Chen BL, Paniagua E, Hall DH, Chklovskii DB. Structural Properties of the Caenorhabditis elegans Neuronal Network. PLOS Computational Biology 7(2), e1001066 (2011)도 참고했다. 다만 동현파가 실제로 가져온 파일은 이 논문이 아니라 위 CoMuNeLab 저장소에서 왔다. https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001066
라이선스가 따로 적혀 있지 않은 다른 미러의 연결 파일이나 WormAtlas 이미지는 가져오지 않았다.
촉각과 유전체, 동작에 관해 참고한 자료
- 고전 촉각 회로: Chalfie M, Sulston JE, White JG, Southgate E, Thomson JN, Brenner S. The neural circuit for touch sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Neuroscience 5(4), 956–964 (1985). https://www.jneurosci.org/content/5/4/956
- 기계감각 리뷰: Schafer WR. Mechanosensory molecules and circuits in C. elegans. Pflügers Archiv 467(1), 39–48 (2015; 온라인 출판 2014-07-23). 촉각 세포, 기계감각 통로, 앞뒤 반응, 강한 촉각의 구분을 참고했다. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4281349/
- 촉각의 시간적 부호화: The C. elegans Touch Receptor Neurons Encode Temporal Features of Mechanical Stimuli. Scientific Reports (2019). 반복 입력을 어떻게 다룰지 참고했다. 앱의 적응 상수는 이 논문에서 잰 값이 아니다. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41349-0
- 유전체 해독의 역사: NHGRI, 1998: Genome of Roundworm C. elegans Sequenced. 유전체가 공개되었다는 사실과, 이 앱이 계산하는 신경 연결망은 서로 다른 이야기다. https://www.genome.gov/25520394/online-education-kit-1998-genome-of-roundworm-c-elegans-sequenced
- 기술 이름과 궤적: Evolve MMA, 6 Unconventional Power Punches You Should Add To Your Boxing Arsenal. 오버핸드와 쇼벨 훅의 이름, 주먹이 지나가는 방향만 참고했다. 사진이나 영상, 문장은 가져오지 않았고 실제 복싱 교육용 동작 분석도 아니다. https://evolve-mma.com/blog/6-unconventional-power-punches-you-should-add-to-your-boxing-arsenal/
복싱 기술마다 선충의 실제 신경 반응이 확인된 것은 아니다. 동현파는 주먹이 닿은 것을 촉각 입력으로 바꾸고, 문헌을 바탕으로 제약을 둔 활성도 모델을 계산한 다음, 그 결과를 과장된 몸 연출과 이어 붙였다.
동현파가 손댄 부분
뉴런마다 0부터 시작하는 번호 부여. 원 자료가 방향 없는 연결이라고 밝힌 대로 각 층에서 순서만 다르거나 겹친 기록은 하나로 통합. 원본 기록 5,863개에서 층별 연결 3,108개로 정리. 뉴런 279개의 이름은 그대로.
원 자료에 없는 시냅스 방향이나 전달물질, 생리적 가중치를 되살렸다고 말하지는 않는다. 기능적 부호와 이득, 연속 활성도 방정식, 접촉 분포, 적응, 밀림·출렁임·구김은 동현파가 따로 정한 가정이며, PROVENANCE.md와 소스 코드에 모두 공개.
데이터의 ODbL·DbCL 조건
Contains information from CoMuNeLab C.ELEGANS MULTIPLEX CONNECTOME, which is made available under the Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0.
동현파가 번호를 새로 매기고 중복을 정리한 DB도 ODbL 1.0으로 제공한다. DB에 담긴 개별 내용에는 원 배포의 DbCL 1.0 안내를 그대로 따른다. ODbL 전문 · DbCL 전문
가공한 DB를 공개할 때는 출처와 라이선스 고지를 남기고 같은 ODbL 조건을 적용한다. 이 데이터로 만든 화면이나 완성 HTML을 공개할 때도 데이터 사용 고지와 데이터를 받을 수 있는 방법을 함께 남긴다. ODbL Section 4의 구체적인 의무와 예외는 원문에서 확인해 주길 바란다. 이 요약이 라이선스 원문을 대신하지는 않는다.
이 저장소에는 원본 데이터, 가공한 connectome.json, 변환 코드, 사용 고지가 모두 들어 있다. 단일 HTML에서도 ‘모델과 출처 → 모델 설명 → 가공 데이터 JSON 저장’을 누르면 기계가 읽을 수 있는 가공 DB를 내려받을 수 있다. 단일 HTML을 다시 배포한다면 이 고지와 다운로드 기능을 지우지 말아 주길 바란다.
코드·그림·글꼴
복싱 동작은 실제 인물이나 영상 프레임을 따라 그리지 않은, 동현파만의 픽셀 애니메이션이다. 짧은 잽과 길게 뻗는 스트레이트, 낮은 자세의 바디블로우, 올라오는 어퍼컷과 원을 그리는 동작의 차이를 만화처럼 강조했다. 바디 펀치에서 무릎을 낮추고 몸통을 돌리는 모습은 Evolve의 설명과 ExpertBoxing의 펀치 동작 설명을 참고했다. 팔이 길게 늘어나고 주먹이 커지고, 주먹이 몸에 잠시 머무는 것은 모두 연출이다. 사람의 실제 생체역학이나 실전 기술을 보여 주려는 것은 아니다.
- 동현파 코드와 그림: MIT, Copyright (c) 2026 Kim Dong Hyun. 소녀와 선충, 효과는 모두 코드로 새로 그렸다. 양쪽으로 묶은 머리는 흔한 헤어스타일일 뿐, 특정 상업 캐릭터를 따라 그린 것이 아니다.
- 동현랭 v1.53 실행기: MIT. 원 저작권과 전문은
DONGHYUN-MIT.txt에 있다. - 문서 변환기: Marked 15.0.12. 빌드할 때만 쓴다. MIT 및 관련 고지는
MARKED-MIT.txt에 있다. - 글꼴: Black Han Sans, Nanum Gothic Coding, Pretendard. SIL Open Font License 전문을 각 파일과 함께 넣었다.
- 접촉 효과음: 코드가 직접 만들어 내는 짧은 소리다. 처음에는 꺼져 있고, 동현랭 명령 8로만 켤 수 있다.
MIT 코드와 ODbL 데이터는 서로 다른 권리 대상이다. 그래서 완성 HTML 전체를 아무 조건 없는 MIT라고 소개하지 않는다. 연구 논문은 근거로 인용했을 뿐, 논문의 그림이나 본문을 앱에 옮겨 오지 않았다.
내장 글꼴·원 코드 라이선스
사용한 글꼴과 코드의 라이선스 및 고지 전문을 보존했다. 항목을 펼쳐 확인할 수 있으며, 회로 데이터의 별도 이용 조건은 전체 출처·이용 안내에서 확인할 수 있다.
Black Han Sans · SIL Open Font License
Copyright 2015 The Black Han Sans Project Authors (https://github.com/zesstype/Black-Han-Sans) This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at: https://openfontlicense.org ----------------------------------------------------------- SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------- PREAMBLE The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership with others. The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives, however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives. DEFINITIONS "Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may include source files, build scripts and documentation. "Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the copyright statement(s). "Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as distributed by the Copyright Holder(s). "Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting, or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a new environment. "Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software. PERMISSION & CONDITIONS Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify, redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font Software, subject to the following conditions: 1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components, in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself. 2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled, redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user. 3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as presented to the users. 4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written permission. 5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole, must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply to any document created using the Font Software. TERMINATION This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are not met. DISCLAIMER THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.
동현랭 실행기 · MIT
MIT License Copyright (c) 2026 Kim Dong Hyun Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
동현파 코드·데이터의 이용 조건
donghyun-lab2 / Donghyunpa / 동현파™ This distribution has separate licenses for code, database, database contents and fonts. The MIT license below DOES NOT relicense the connectivity database. DATABASE: Contains information from CoMuNeLab C.ELEGANS MULTIPLEX CONNECTOME, https://github.com/CoMuNeLab/C-elegans-Multiplex-Connectome, made available under Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0. The reindexed, deduplicated database in data/connectome.json is also made available under ODbL 1.0. Individual database contents follow the upstream Database Contents License (DbCL) 1.0. Preserve attribution, license notices and access to the derivative database. The raw data, derivative database and transformation tool are included. The standalone HTML also provides a machine-readable JSON download. See licenses/ODbL-1.0.txt, licenses/DbCL-1.0.txt, CREDITS.md and PROVENANCE.md. https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/ https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/dbcl/1-0/ THIRD-PARTY CODE AND FONTS: - Donghyun-lang runtime: MIT; licenses/DONGHYUN-MIT.txt. - Marked 15.0.12 build-time parser: MIT and original related notices; licenses/MARKED-MIT.txt. - Black Han Sans, Nanum Gothic Coding, Pretendard: SIL Open Font License; corresponding licenses/*-OFL.txt files. - Scientific papers are cited, not redistributed as full text or figures. MIT License (original application code, documentation and original artwork) Copyright (c) 2026 Kim Dong Hyun Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
데이터 개별 내용 · DbCL 1.0
## ODC Database Contents License The Licensor and You agree as follows: ### 1.0 Definitions of Capitalised Words The definitions of the Open Database License (ODbL) 1.0 are incorporated by reference into the Database Contents License. ### 2.0 Rights granted and Conditions of Use 2.1 Rights granted. The Licensor grants to You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual, irrevocable copyright license to do any act that is restricted by copyright over anything within the Contents, whether in the original medium or any other. These rights explicitly include commercial use, and do not exclude any field of endeavour. These rights include, without limitation, the right to sublicense the work. 2.2 Conditions of Use. You must comply with the ODbL. 2.3 Relationship to Databases and ODbL. This license does not cover any Database Rights, Database copyright, or contract over the Contents as part of the Database. Please see the ODbL covering the Database for more details about Your rights and obligations. 2.4 Non-assertion of copyright over facts. The Licensor takes the position that factual information is not covered by copyright. The DbCL grants you permission for any information having copyright contained in the Contents. ### 3.0 Warranties, disclaimer, and limitation of liability 3.1 The Contents are licensed by the Licensor "as is" and without any warranty of any kind, either express or implied, whether of title, of accuracy, of the presence of absence of errors, of fitness for purpose, or otherwise. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, so this exclusion may not apply to You. 3.2 Subject to any liability that may not be excluded or limited by law, the Licensor is not liable for, and expressly excludes, all liability for loss or damage however and whenever caused to anyone by any use under this License, whether by You or by anyone else, and whether caused by any fault on the part of the Licensor or not. This exclusion of liability includes, but is not limited to, any special, incidental, consequential, punitive, or exemplary damages. This exclusion applies even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 3.3 If liability may not be excluded by law, it is limited to actual and direct financial loss to the extent it is caused by proved negligence on the part of the Licensor.
Marked 문서 변환 도구 · MIT 및 원 고지
License information
Contribution License Agreement
If you contribute code to this project, you are implicitly allowing your code
to be distributed under the MIT license. You are also implicitly verifying that
all code is your original work. </legalese>
Marked
Copyright (c) 2018+, MarkedJS (https://github.com/markedjs/) Copyright (c) 2011-2018, Christopher Jeffrey (https://github.com/chjj/)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Markdown
Copyright © 2004, John Gruber http://daringfireball.net/ All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- Neither the name “Markdown” nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors “as is” and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the copyright owner or contributors be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
Nanum Gothic Coding · SIL Open Font License
Copyright (c) 2010, NHN Corporation (http://www.nhncorp.com), with Reserved Font Name Nanum, Naver Nanum, NanumGothic, Naver NanumGothic, NanumMyeongjo, Naver NanumMyeongjo, NanumBrush, Naver NanumBrush, NanumPen, Naver NanumPen. This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL ----------------------------------------------------------- SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------- PREAMBLE The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership with others. The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives, however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives. DEFINITIONS "Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may include source files, build scripts and documentation. "Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the copyright statement(s). "Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as distributed by the Copyright Holder(s). "Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting, or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a new environment. "Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software. PERMISSION & CONDITIONS Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify, redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font Software, subject to the following conditions: 1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components, in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself. 2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled, redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user. 3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as presented to the users. 4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written permission. 5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole, must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply to any document created using the Font Software. TERMINATION This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are not met. DISCLAIMER THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.
연결 데이터베이스 · ODbL 1.0
## ODC Open Database License (ODbL)
### Preamble
The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to
allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Database while
maintaining this same freedom for others. Many databases are covered by
copyright, and therefore this document licenses these rights. Some
jurisdictions, mainly in the European Union, have specific rights that
cover databases, and so the ODbL addresses these rights, too. Finally,
the ODbL is also an agreement in contract for users of this Database to
act in certain ways in return for accessing this Database.
Databases can contain a wide variety of types of content (images,
audiovisual material, and sounds all in the same database, for example),
and so the ODbL only governs the rights over the Database, and not the
contents of the Database individually. Licensors should use the ODbL
together with another license for the contents, if the contents have a
single set of rights that uniformly covers all of the contents. If the
contents have multiple sets of different rights, Licensors should
describe what rights govern what contents together in the individual
record or in some other way that clarifies what rights apply.
Sometimes the contents of a database, or the database itself, can be
covered by other rights not addressed here (such as private contracts,
trade mark over the name, or privacy rights / data protection rights
over information in the contents), and so you are advised that you may
have to consult other documents or clear other rights before doing
activities not covered by this License.
------
The Licensor (as defined below)
and
You (as defined below)
agree as follows:
### 1.0 Definitions of Capitalised Words
"Collective Database" – Means this Database in unmodified form as part
of a collection of independent databases in themselves that together are
assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collective
Database will not be considered a Derivative Database.
"Convey" – As a verb, means Using the Database, a Derivative Database,
or the Database as part of a Collective Database in any way that enables
a Person to make or receive copies of the Database or a Derivative
Database. Conveying does not include interaction with a user through a
computer network, or creating and Using a Produced Work, where no
transfer of a copy of the Database or a Derivative Database occurs.
"Contents" – The contents of this Database, which includes the
information, independent works, or other material collected into the
Database. For example, the contents of the Database could be factual
data or works such as images, audiovisual material, text, or sounds.
"Database" – A collection of material (the Contents) arranged in a
systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic
or other means offered under the terms of this License.
"Database Directive" – Means Directive 96/9/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection
of databases, as amended or succeeded.
"Database Right" – Means rights resulting from the Chapter III ("sui
generis") rights in the Database Directive (as amended and as transposed
by member states), which includes the Extraction and Re-utilisation of
the whole or a Substantial part of the Contents, as well as any similar
rights available in the relevant jurisdiction under Section 10.4.
"Derivative Database" – Means a database based upon the Database, and
includes any translation, adaptation, arrangement, modification, or any
other alteration of the Database or of a Substantial part of the
Contents. This includes, but is not limited to, Extracting or
Re-utilising the whole or a Substantial part of the Contents in a new
Database.
"Extraction" – Means the permanent or temporary transfer of all or a
Substantial part of the Contents to another medium by any means or in
any form.
"License" – Means this license agreement and is both a license of rights
such as copyright and Database Rights and an agreement in contract.
"Licensor" – Means the Person that offers the Database under the terms
of this License.
"Person" – Means a natural or legal person or a body of persons
corporate or incorporate.
"Produced Work" – a work (such as an image, audiovisual material, text,
or sounds) resulting from using the whole or a Substantial part of the
Contents (via a search or other query) from this Database, a Derivative
Database, or this Database as part of a Collective Database.
"Publicly" – means to Persons other than You or under Your control by
either more than 50% ownership or by the power to direct their
activities (such as contracting with an independent consultant).
"Re-utilisation" – means any form of making available to the public all
or a Substantial part of the Contents by the distribution of copies, by
renting, by online or other forms of transmission.
"Substantial" – Means substantial in terms of quantity or quality or a
combination of both. The repeated and systematic Extraction or
Re-utilisation of insubstantial parts of the Contents may amount to the
Extraction or Re-utilisation of a Substantial part of the Contents.
"Use" – As a verb, means doing any act that is restricted by copyright
or Database Rights whether in the original medium or any other; and
includes without limitation distributing, copying, publicly performing,
publicly displaying, and preparing derivative works of the Database, as
well as modifying the Database as may be technically necessary to use it
in a different mode or format.
"You" – Means a Person exercising rights under this License who has not
previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the
Database, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to
exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.
Words in the singular include the plural and vice versa.
### 2.0 What this License covers
2.1. Legal effect of this document. This License is:
a. A license of applicable copyright and neighbouring rights;
b. A license of the Database Right; and
c. An agreement in contract between You and the Licensor.
2.2 Legal rights covered. This License covers the legal rights in the
Database, including:
a. Copyright. Any copyright or neighbouring rights in the Database.
The copyright licensed includes any individual elements of the
Database, but does not cover the copyright over the Contents
independent of this Database. See Section 2.4 for details. Copyright
law varies between jurisdictions, but is likely to cover: the Database
model or schema, which is the structure, arrangement, and organisation
of the Database, and can also include the Database tables and table
indexes; the data entry and output sheets; and the Field names of
Contents stored in the Database;
b. Database Rights. Database Rights only extend to the Extraction and
Re-utilisation of the whole or a Substantial part of the Contents.
Database Rights can apply even when there is no copyright over the
Database. Database Rights can also apply when the Contents are removed
from the Database and are selected and arranged in a way that would
not infringe any applicable copyright; and
c. Contract. This is an agreement between You and the Licensor for
access to the Database. In return you agree to certain conditions of
use on this access as outlined in this License.
2.3 Rights not covered.
a. This License does not apply to computer programs used in the making
or operation of the Database;
b. This License does not cover any patents over the Contents or the
Database; and
c. This License does not cover any trademarks associated with the
Database.
2.4 Relationship to Contents in the Database. The individual items of
the Contents contained in this Database may be covered by other rights,
including copyright, patent, data protection, privacy, or personality
rights, and this License does not cover any rights (other than Database
Rights or in contract) in individual Contents contained in the Database.
For example, if used on a Database of images (the Contents), this
License would not apply to copyright over individual images, which could
have their own separate licenses, or one single license covering all of
the rights over the images.
### 3.0 Rights granted
3.1 Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, the Licensor
grants to You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, terminable (but
only under Section 9) license to Use the Database for the duration of
any applicable copyright and Database Rights. These rights explicitly
include commercial use, and do not exclude any field of endeavour. To
the extent possible in the relevant jurisdiction, these rights may be
exercised in all media and formats whether now known or created in the
future.
The rights granted cover, for example:
a. Extraction and Re-utilisation of the whole or a Substantial part of
the Contents;
b. Creation of Derivative Databases;
c. Creation of Collective Databases;
d. Creation of temporary or permanent reproductions by any means and
in any form, in whole or in part, including of any Derivative
Databases or as a part of Collective Databases; and
e. Distribution, communication, display, lending, making available, or
performance to the public by any means and in any form, in whole or in
part, including of any Derivative Database or as a part of Collective
Databases.
3.2 Compulsory license schemes. For the avoidance of doubt:
a. Non-waivable compulsory license schemes. In those jurisdictions in
which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or
compulsory licensing scheme cannot be waived, the Licensor reserves
the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You
of the rights granted under this License;
b. Waivable compulsory license schemes. In those jurisdictions in
which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or
compulsory licensing scheme can be waived, the Licensor waives the
exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You of
the rights granted under this License; and,
c. Voluntary license schemes. The Licensor waives the right to collect
royalties, whether individually or, in the event that the Licensor is
a member of a collecting society that administers voluntary licensing
schemes, via that society, from any exercise by You of the rights
granted under this License.
3.3 The right to release the Database under different terms, or to stop
distributing or making available the Database, is reserved. Note that
this Database may be multiple-licensed, and so You may have the choice
of using alternative licenses for this Database. Subject to Section
10.4, all other rights not expressly granted by Licensor are reserved.
### 4.0 Conditions of Use
4.1 The rights granted in Section 3 above are expressly made subject to
Your complying with the following conditions of use. These are important
conditions of this License, and if You fail to follow them, You will be
in material breach of its terms.
4.2 Notices. If You Publicly Convey this Database, any Derivative
Database, or the Database as part of a Collective Database, then You
must:
a. Do so only under the terms of this License or another license
permitted under Section 4.4;
b. Include a copy of this License (or, as applicable, a license
permitted under Section 4.4) or its Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
with the Database or Derivative Database, including both in the
Database or Derivative Database and in any relevant documentation; and
c. Keep intact any copyright or Database Right notices and notices
that refer to this License.
d. If it is not possible to put the required notices in a particular
file due to its structure, then You must include the notices in a
location (such as a relevant directory) where users would be likely to
look for it.
4.3 Notice for using output (Contents). Creating and Using a Produced
Work does not require the notice in Section 4.2. However, if you
Publicly Use a Produced Work, You must include a notice associated with
the Produced Work reasonably calculated to make any Person that uses,
views, accesses, interacts with, or is otherwise exposed to the Produced
Work aware that Content was obtained from the Database, Derivative
Database, or the Database as part of a Collective Database, and that it
is available under this License.
a. Example notice. The following text will satisfy notice under
Section 4.3:
Contains information from DATABASE NAME, which is made available
here under the Open Database License (ODbL).
DATABASE NAME should be replaced with the name of the Database and a
hyperlink to the URI of the Database. "Open Database License" should
contain a hyperlink to the URI of the text of this License. If
hyperlinks are not possible, You should include the plain text of the
required URI's with the above notice.
4.4 Share alike.
a. Any Derivative Database that You Publicly Use must be only under
the terms of:
i. This License;
ii. A later version of this License similar in spirit to this
License; or
iii. A compatible license.
If You license the Derivative Database under one of the licenses
mentioned in (iii), You must comply with the terms of that license.
b. For the avoidance of doubt, Extraction or Re-utilisation of the
whole or a Substantial part of the Contents into a new database is a
Derivative Database and must comply with Section 4.4.
c. Derivative Databases and Produced Works. A Derivative Database is
Publicly Used and so must comply with Section 4.4. if a Produced Work
created from the Derivative Database is Publicly Used.
d. Share Alike and additional Contents. For the avoidance of doubt,
You must not add Contents to Derivative Databases under Section 4.4 a
that are incompatible with the rights granted under this License.
e. Compatible licenses. Licensors may authorise a proxy to determine
compatible licenses under Section 4.4 a iii. If they do so, the
authorised proxy's public statement of acceptance of a compatible
license grants You permission to use the compatible license.
4.5 Limits of Share Alike. The requirements of Section 4.4 do not apply
in the following:
a. For the avoidance of doubt, You are not required to license
Collective Databases under this License if You incorporate this
Database or a Derivative Database in the collection, but this License
still applies to this Database or a Derivative Database as a part of
the Collective Database;
b. Using this Database, a Derivative Database, or this Database as
part of a Collective Database to create a Produced Work does not
create a Derivative Database for purposes of Section 4.4; and
c. Use of a Derivative Database internally within an organisation is
not to the public and therefore does not fall under the requirements
of Section 4.4.
4.6 Access to Derivative Databases. If You Publicly Use a Derivative
Database or a Produced Work from a Derivative Database, You must also
offer to recipients of the Derivative Database or Produced Work a copy
in a machine readable form of:
a. The entire Derivative Database; or
b. A file containing all of the alterations made to the Database or
the method of making the alterations to the Database (such as an
algorithm), including any additional Contents, that make up all the
differences between the Database and the Derivative Database.
The Derivative Database (under a.) or alteration file (under b.) must be
available at no more than a reasonable production cost for physical
distributions and free of charge if distributed over the internet.
4.7 Technological measures and additional terms
a. This License does not allow You to impose (except subject to
Section 4.7 b.) any terms or any technological measures on the
Database, a Derivative Database, or the whole or a Substantial part of
the Contents that alter or restrict the terms of this License, or any
rights granted under it, or have the effect or intent of restricting
the ability of any person to exercise those rights.
b. Parallel distribution. You may impose terms or technological
measures on the Database, a Derivative Database, or the whole or a
Substantial part of the Contents (a "Restricted Database") in
contravention of Section 4.74 a. only if You also make a copy of the
Database or a Derivative Database available to the recipient of the
Restricted Database:
i. That is available without additional fee;
ii. That is available in a medium that does not alter or restrict
the terms of this License, or any rights granted under it, or have
the effect or intent of restricting the ability of any person to
exercise those rights (an "Unrestricted Database"); and
iii. The Unrestricted Database is at least as accessible to the
recipient as a practical matter as the Restricted Database.
c. For the avoidance of doubt, You may place this Database or a
Derivative Database in an authenticated environment, behind a
password, or within a similar access control scheme provided that You
do not alter or restrict the terms of this License or any rights
granted under it or have the effect or intent of restricting the
ability of any person to exercise those rights.
4.8 Licensing of others. You may not sublicense the Database. Each time
You communicate the Database, the whole or Substantial part of the
Contents, or any Derivative Database to anyone else in any way, the
Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Database on the same
terms and conditions as this License. You are not responsible for
enforcing compliance by third parties with this License, but You may
enforce any rights that You have over a Derivative Database. You are
solely responsible for any modifications of a Derivative Database made
by You or another Person at Your direction. You may not impose any
further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed
under this License.
### 5.0 Moral rights
5.1 Moral rights. This section covers moral rights, including any rights
to be identified as the author of the Database or to object to treatment
that would otherwise prejudice the author's honour and reputation, or
any other derogatory treatment:
a. For jurisdictions allowing waiver of moral rights, Licensor waives
all moral rights that Licensor may have in the Database to the fullest
extent possible by the law of the relevant jurisdiction under Section
10.4;
b. If waiver of moral rights under Section 5.1 a in the relevant
jurisdiction is not possible, Licensor agrees not to assert any moral
rights over the Database and waives all claims in moral rights to the
fullest extent possible by the law of the relevant jurisdiction under
Section 10.4; and
c. For jurisdictions not allowing waiver or an agreement not to assert
moral rights under Section 5.1 a and b, the author may retain their
moral rights over certain aspects of the Database.
Please note that some jurisdictions do not allow for the waiver of moral
rights, and so moral rights may still subsist over the Database in some
jurisdictions.
### 6.0 Fair dealing, Database exceptions, and other rights not affected
6.1 This License does not affect any rights that You or anyone else may
independently have under any applicable law to make any use of this
Database, including without limitation:
a. Exceptions to the Database Right including: Extraction of Contents
from non-electronic Databases for private purposes, Extraction for
purposes of illustration for teaching or scientific research, and
Extraction or Re-utilisation for public security or an administrative
or judicial procedure.
b. Fair dealing, fair use, or any other legally recognised limitation
or exception to infringement of copyright or other applicable laws.
6.2 This License does not affect any rights of lawful users to Extract
and Re-utilise insubstantial parts of the Contents, evaluated
quantitatively or qualitatively, for any purposes whatsoever, including
creating a Derivative Database (subject to other rights over the
Contents, see Section 2.4). The repeated and systematic Extraction or
Re-utilisation of insubstantial parts of the Contents may however amount
to the Extraction or Re-utilisation of a Substantial part of the
Contents.
### 7.0 Warranties and Disclaimer
7.1 The Database is licensed by the Licensor "as is" and without any
warranty of any kind, either express, implied, or arising by statute,
custom, course of dealing, or trade usage. Licensor specifically
disclaims any and all implied warranties or conditions of title,
non-infringement, accuracy or completeness, the presence or absence of
errors, fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or otherwise.
Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, so
this exclusion may not apply to You.
### 8.0 Limitation of liability
8.1 Subject to any liability that may not be excluded or limited by law,
the Licensor is not liable for, and expressly excludes, all liability
for loss or damage however and whenever caused to anyone by any use
under this License, whether by You or by anyone else, and whether caused
by any fault on the part of the Licensor or not. This exclusion of
liability includes, but is not limited to, any special, incidental,
consequential, punitive, or exemplary damages such as loss of revenue,
data, anticipated profits, and lost business. This exclusion applies
even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such
damages.
8.2 If liability may not be excluded by law, it is limited to actual and
direct financial loss to the extent it is caused by proved negligence on
the part of the Licensor.
### 9.0 Termination of Your rights under this License
9.1 Any breach by You of the terms and conditions of this License
automatically terminates this License with immediate effect and without
notice to You. For the avoidance of doubt, Persons who have received the
Database, the whole or a Substantial part of the Contents, Derivative
Databases, or the Database as part of a Collective Database from You
under this License will not have their licenses terminated provided
their use is in full compliance with this License or a license granted
under Section 4.8 of this License. Sections 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10 will
survive any termination of this License.
9.2 If You are not in breach of the terms of this License, the Licensor
will not terminate Your rights under it.
9.3 Unless terminated under Section 9.1, this License is granted to You
for the duration of applicable rights in the Database.
9.4 Reinstatement of rights. If you cease any breach of the terms and
conditions of this License, then your full rights under this License
will be reinstated:
a. Provisionally and subject to permanent termination until the 60th
day after cessation of breach;
b. Permanently on the 60th day after cessation of breach unless
otherwise reasonably notified by the Licensor; or
c. Permanently if reasonably notified by the Licensor of the
violation, this is the first time You have received notice of
violation of this License from the Licensor, and You cure the
violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Persons subject to permanent termination of rights are not eligible to
be a recipient and receive a license under Section 4.8.
9.5 Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release
the Database under different license terms or to stop distributing or
making available the Database. Releasing the Database under different
license terms or stopping the distribution of the Database will not
withdraw this License (or any other license that has been, or is
required to be, granted under the terms of this License), and this
License will continue in full force and effect unless terminated as
stated above.
### 10.0 General
10.1 If any provision of this License is held to be invalid or
unenforceable, that must not affect the validity or enforceability of
the remainder of the terms and conditions of this License and each
remaining provision of this License shall be valid and enforced to the
fullest extent permitted by law.
10.2 This License is the entire agreement between the parties with
respect to the rights granted here over the Database. It replaces any
earlier understandings, agreements or representations with respect to
the Database.
10.3 If You are in breach of the terms of this License, You will not be
entitled to rely on the terms of this License or to complain of any
breach by the Licensor.
10.4 Choice of law. This License takes effect in and will be governed by
the laws of the relevant jurisdiction in which the License terms are
sought to be enforced. If the standard suite of rights granted under
applicable copyright law and Database Rights in the relevant
jurisdiction includes additional rights not granted under this License,
these additional rights are granted in this License in order to meet the
terms of this License.
Pretendard · SIL Open Font License
Copyright (c) 2021, Kil Hyung-jin (https://github.com/orioncactus/pretendard), with Reserved Font Name Pretendard. This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at: https://scripts.sil.org/OFL ----------------------------------------------------------- SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007 ----------------------------------------------------------- PREAMBLE The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership with others. The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives, however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives. DEFINITIONS "Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may include source files, build scripts and documentation. "Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the copyright statement(s). "Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as distributed by the Copyright Holder(s). "Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting, or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a new environment. "Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software. PERMISSION & CONDITIONS Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify, redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font Software, subject to the following conditions: 1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components, in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself. 2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled, redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user. 3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as presented to the users. 4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written permission. 5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole, must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply to any document created using the Font Software. TERMINATION This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are not met. DISCLAIMER THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.